ABSTRACT
Objective To explore influencing factors of the elderly's frailty. Methods Eight communities were randomly selected from Dalang Town, Dongguan City, and all the eligible elderly people were investigated using the self-developed frailty index. Univariate analysis was performed using the 2 test, and multivariate analysis was performed by ordinal multi-class Logistic regression. Results Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in the distribution of frailty conditions among different demographic characteristics, family relationships, economic situation and lifestyle (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that younger age (OR=0.13, P<0.001), male (OR=0.65, P=0.012), and daily exercise (OR=0.76, P=0.049) were protective factors for frailty of the elderly. Illiterate (OR=2.42, P<0.001), fewer times to see children per month (OR=1.82, P=0.035), pension funds as the main economic source (OR=1.59, P<0.001), low level of physical activity (OR=2.18, P<0.001) and none social participation (OR=1.41, P=0.004) were risk factors of frailty. Conclusion Age, gender, education level, times to see children per month, economic source, exercise frequency, physical activity level and social participation are the influencing factors of frailty of the elderly.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the heterogeneity of systematic reviews (SRs) on nutrition support for burn patients with Meta-regression algorithm quantitatively.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>SRs on nutrition support for burn patients since 1980 were searched in 7 databases, including PubMed, EMBASE on CD, Science Citation Index, Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedicine Database, Chinese Medical Current Contents, and Chinese Journal Full-text Database. SRs were identified with inclusion criteria: the research was interventive SR or Meta analysis of clinical data of burn patients aged equal to or over 18 years who had received clinical nutrition intervention, with regimen including special nutrient given including enterally or parenterally; the outcome indicator was mortality. A two-step method was established to evaluate the heterogeneity of SRs. (1) Qualitative analysis: the publication time of SRs and the trial design, patient type, regimen or route of nutrition therapy, energy intake, and outcome reported by the included clinical trial were analyzed. (2) Quantitative analysis: a mortality Meta-regression model was established by trial design, publication time, regimen or route of nutrition therapy, and energy intake to calculate the expected mortality. Observation/expectation (O/E) ratio and its 95% confidence interval were calculated to identify the heterogeneity among the clinical trials of SRs.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Six SRs were retrieved which were published within 10 years. Only three SRs reported two of the three important parameters of nutrition intervention: regimen or route of nutrition therapy, energy intake, and clinical outcome. Totally, 11 clinical trials that gave outcome information were included in the SRs, including 10 RCTs and 1 case control trial. (2) Meta-regression analysis showed that significant heterogeneity existed in 4 RCTs (including five study groups), which were different from the other 7 trials. The patient samples of these 4 RCTs were from different population. No heterogeneity was detected by Meta-regression model among the three RCTs that reported regimen or route of nutrition therapy, energy intake, and outcome.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Quality of SRs on nutrition intervention for burn patients is poor, and significant heterogeneity exists among trials that are included in these SRs. O/E ratio from Meta-regression could be an effective tool to identify heterogeneity and its source.</p>